The energy of the universe in teleparallel gravity

The teleparallel versions of the Einstein and the Landau-Lifshitz energy-momentum complexes of the gravitational field are obtained. By using these complexes, the total energy of the universe, which includes the energy of both the matter and the gravitational fields, is then obtained. It is shown that the total energy vanishes independently of both the curvature parameter and the three dimensionless coupling constants of teleparallel gravity.Comment: 9 pages, no figure

Distribution of Microscopic Energy Flux in Equilibrium State

The distribution function P(j) of the microscopic energy flux, j, in equilibrium state is studied. It is observed that P(j) has a broad peak in small j regime and a stretched-exponential decay for large j. The peak structure originates in a potential advection term and energy transfer term between the particles. The stretched exponential tail comes from the momentum energy advection term.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Electrocrystallization of chromium from molten salts

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Use of the painDETECT tool in rheumatoid arthritis suggests neuropathic and sensitization components in pain reporting.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition typified by systemic inflammation targeted toward synovial joints. Inhibition of proinflammatory networks by disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, eg, methotrexate and biologic therapies, including tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, often leads to suppression of disease activity observed at the clinical level. However, despite the era of widespread use of disease-modifying treatments, there remain significant groups of patients who continue to experience pain. Our study formulated a pain assessment tool in the arthritis clinic to assess feasibility of measurements including the visual analog scale (VAS) and painDETECT to assess multimodal features of pain in people with established RA (n=100). Clinical measures of disease activity (Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints [DAS28]) were also recorded. Our data showed that despite the majority of subjects on at least one disease-modifying agent, the majority of patients reported severe pain (54%) by VAS, despite well-controlled clinical disease, with mean DAS28 2.07±0.9. Using the painDETECT questionnaire, 67% of patients had unlikely neuropathic pain. A significant proportion of subjects (28%) had possible neuropathic pain and 5% had features of likely neuropathic pain by painDETECT scoring. We found a positive correlation between VAS and painDETECT (R (2)=0.757). Of note, the group who had likely or probable neuropathic pain also showed significantly increased pain reporting by VAS (P30) also had statistically higher proportions of pain reporting (VAS 89.0±0.7 mm) compared with subjects who had a normal body mass index (VAS 45.2±21.8 mm), P<0.05. Our findings suggest that multimodal features of pain perception exist in RA, including neuropathic and sensitization elements, perhaps explaining why a subgroup of people with RA continue to experience ongoing pain, despite their apparent suppression of inflammation

Localised anti-branes in non-compact throats at zero and finite T

We investigate the 3-form singularities that are typical to anti-brane solutions in supergravity and check whether they can be cloaked by a finite temperature horizon. For anti-D3-branes in the Klebanov-Strassler background, this was already shown numerically to be impossible when the branes are partially smeared. In this paper, we present analytic arguments that also localised branes remain with singular 3-form fluxes at both zero and finite temperature. These results may have important, possibly fatal, consequences for constructions of meta-stable de Sitter vacua through uplifting.Comment: 18 + 9 page

The Effect of an Anaerobic Training Program Utilizing A Skating Treadmill on Anaerobic Performance, Lactate, and Other Metabolic Parameters

The adaptive physiological responses resulting from exercise training appear to be influenced by the specific character of the training program, type of exercise, and protocol employed to evaluate change. The effect of a unique six week anaerobic training program utilizing a skating treadmill was investigated. The anaerobic training program involved intermittent high intensity exercise bouts, each 4-90 seconds in duration at various treadmill speeds and elevations. The skating treadmill was designed specifically to enhance anaerobic metabolic pathways and anaerobic performance of hockey players by allowing the athlete to skate indoors on a rotating polyurethane surface that has the same friction coefficient as artificial ice. Analysis of whole blood metabolites before and after a Wingate Test protocol administered two days prior to subjects beginning the training program, two days following the ninth training session, and two days following the eighteenth training session indicated that the athlete\u27s anaerobic metabolic pathways were enhanced. Significant decreases in lactate and creatine kinase occurred (p \u3c 0.005), while no significant decreases in lactate dehydrogenase activity were apparent. Relative mean anaerobic power and relative peak anaerobic power showed numerical increase during the training program but were not statistically significant (p \u3e 0.05) which may have been due to a low number of subjects. From these findings the adaptive metabolic responses to anaerobic training appear to be exercise specific. In addition, these results suggest that the skating treadmill can be a useful anaerobic training device